Wind rose diagram delhi
Cumulus ParameterizationĬumulus parameterization schemes are responsible for the subgrid-scale effects of convective and/or shallow clouds but are valid only for coarse-grid sizes such as greater than 10 km. However, a relatively simpler Eta microphysics option has also been chosen for comparison. These include Purdue Lin scheme and WRF Single-Moment 6-class scheme (WSM6). Out of the several microphysics schemes of the model, the options suitable for high resolution-domain are chosen as the innermost domain is of a resolution of 2 km. Microphysics includes explicitly resolved water vapor, cloud, and precipitation processes. The following subsections describe the physical parameterisations in each of these categories and their consideration for model simulations in this study. The model experiments based on these are detailed in Table 1. The present study captures all of the above physical parameterisations in various options representing all of these five categories. There are various options for physical parameterisations of key boundary layer phenomena in this model for (i) microphysics, (ii) cumulus parameterization (CP), (iii) surface layer (SL), (iv) land-surface model (LSM), and (v) planetary boundary layer (PBL). The model also supports one-way, two-way, and moving nest options.
The model supports both idealized and real-data applications with various lateral boundary condition options. The time integration scheme in the model uses the third-order Runge-Kutta scheme, and the spatial discretization employs 2nd- to 6th-order schemes. The horizontal grid is the Arakawa-C grid. The model uses terrain-following, hydrostatic-pressure vertical coordinate with the top of the model being a constant pressure surface. The Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamical core has an equation set which is fully compressible, Eulerian and nonhydrostatic with a run-time hydrostatic option. Its development is led by NCAR, NOAA/ESRL, and NOAA/NCEP/EMC with partnerships and collaborations with universities and other government agencies in the US and overseas.
Wind rose diagram delhi free#
The Weather Research and Forecasting model is developed for mesoscale modeling and is a supported “community model”, that is, a free and shared resource with distributed development and centralized support. The present work is a case study in which an attempt is made to apply several physics options of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF v 3.1.1) to a subtropical region, namely, Delhi in India, for examining model sensitivity and evaluating the model’s performance as suited to this region. In India, some sensitivity studies for WRF have been undertaken which mainly focus on extreme events like thunderstorm, tropical cyclone, and heavy precipitation. Numerous sensitivity studies for one or more physics options of WRF model have been undertaken in different parts of the world such as Spain, Japan and Korea, Alaska, South America, western United States, southern United States, West Africa, and others. Thus, one of the essential steps in numerical weather simulation is to choose the best set of physics options for the region and time period under consideration. As the model becomes more sophisticated, greater number of physical processes can be incorporated into it, and there is a range of physical schemes which can be used to simulate them. Numerical weather prediction models have different sets of physical parameterization configuration options. Overall, the present case study shows that the model has performed reasonably well over the subtropical region of Delhi. Nested domains with higher resolutions were not helpful in improving the simulation results as per the current availability of the data. Wind speed and direction estimations were observed best for MM5 similarity surface layer along with Yonsei University boundary layer scheme. Generally, the combination of Pleim-Xiu land surface model, Pleim surface layer scheme, and Asymmetric Convective Model has been found to produce better estimates of temperature and relative humidity for Delhi region. Comparison between estimated and observed data was carried out through standard statistical measures. A case study with the model has been performed with different configurations, and the best physics options suited for this region have been, determined.
Model performance and sensitivity to model physics options are studied with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (version 3.1.1) over Delhi region in India for surface and upper air meteorological parameters in summer and winter seasons.